Monte Carlo method was developed by Stanislaw Ulam and John von Neumann in the mid-1940s during the Manhattan Project for early work relating to the development of nuclear weapons.
A Monte Carlo method is a technique that can be used to solve a mathematical or statistical problem. For example: Pouring out a box of coins on a table, and then computing the ratio of coins that land heads versus tails is a Monte Carlo method of determining the behavior of repeated coin tosses, but it is not a simulation.
The Choice Function